C02 | C04 | C05 | C08 | C14 | C18 | C28 | C31. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974, cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim. American Express chargeback reason code P04 falls under the “Processing Errors” category. The reason code attached to each chargeback will tell you whether or not it’s considered a processing error. This information should be based on the Visa chargeback reason codes assigned to the case. Vendors that do not have a well-drafted shipping and order fulfillment policy are susceptible to this category of Shopify chargebacks. These codes can help a merchant with an inquiry or chargeback reversal. A01 | A02 | A08. 5 Categories of Visa Chargeback Reason Codes. Fight; Prevent; Recover; Resources. However, you’re not alone; they create headaches for many players within the Mastercard ecosystem. A chargeback filed due to buyer’s remorse is a prime case of friendly fraud; a situation where a customer side-steps a return policy in order to gain an illegitimate refund. UA05 Fraud – Chip Counterfeit Transaction. Through 2021, we analyzed chargeback reason codes across various subscription-based verticals. Reason. 3 falls under the “Authorization” category. Reason Code 53 chargeback can be re-presented in one of the following circumstances: chargeback is invalid or a credit was processed. Added the following fields - Store ID, Credit Card Chargeback Reason Code. A new 4 byte reason code will be used moving forward. 3 falls under the “Authorization” category. A03: A valid six digit authorization code was not provided in your submission file. 4846. The reason_code will be one of the following values: chargeback_reimbursement: The gross shows positive if the chargeback was resolved in the seller's favor, and the seller gets a refund. Written to Chargeback Gurus. Scenario 1 — upfront chargeback. Written by Chargeback Curators. 18167 US Highway 19 N Clearwater, FL 33764 877. A02 No Valid Authorization. 04/09/14 Discover: DC, U02. Each network’s reason codes, however, can beAmerican Express chargeback reason code P05 falls under the “Processing Errors” category. They also can’t prevent the lost sales revenue and merchandise resulting from a consumer dispute. Chargeback representment is the process through which merchants can submit evidence to prove that a chargeback is illegitimate. 1 Chargeback reason codes There are no common chargeback reason codes in the industry; instead, each card network defines its own reason codes. By entering your email, you agree to receive marketing emails from Shopify. 75 for every $1. 5%. 3: Goods or services were not as described: C31: RM: 13. Your first step is to identify the chargeback reason code, which is a kind of shorthand that indicates why the transaction is being disputed. Each chargeback reason code has its own set of specific documentation requirements so merchants should familiarize. P04 – Charge Processed as Credit. Shopify Payments Chargeback Reason Code #5: Product Not Delivered. Even though these codes are not detailed enough, they are crucial when it comes to successfully preventing and fighting chargebacks. reasonable and that the transaction did not exceed this amount range. Each of the major card brands, including Visa, Mastercard, and others, have their own system of reason codes. Overall returns (all codes): 15%. Here are some chargeback reason codes by card type. Learn about the different chargeback reason codes and what they mean. Try Shopify free for 3 days, no credit card required. Additionally, Amex uses a fifth "Miscellaneous" category. 39 or refused. 105. This gives them more of an incentive to keep their customers happy, which means they usually side with cardholders during a dispute. To submit your documents to Wave, use the link in the chargeback notification email, or reply to the email. Understanding these codes can help merchants understand why chargebacks are being filed and how to prevent them in the future. It should ultimately help prevent fraud and unwarranted chargebacks, specifically applying to disputes marked with a Visa reason code 10. To avoid this, issuers can identify their chip cards using the Service Code field with a first byte value of 2 or 6. They are provided to the merchant by the issuing bank, and they help all involved parties categorize disputes and determine next steps. 1: Use the corresponding dates from the invoice. A chargeback is the potential outcome of a disputed credit or debit card transaction. Card Recovery Bulletin Authorization Visa Code: 11. Visa chargeback reason code 11. This chargeback occurs when merchants do not adequately provide currency information. The agency must provide this documentation to Vantiv (via mail, fax, online/scanning) within 30 calendar days after the report date on the Visa/MasterCard. All chargebacks start with a customer making a purchase in person, in an app, or online. Documentation must be a direct result of cardholder communication. For example, your trading name on the receipt differs to that on their statement. 1 EMV Liability Shift 10. Everything You Need to Know (2023) Shopify POS has everything you need to sell in person, backed by everything you need to sell online. The reason for the dispute was false or inaccurate. Dispute Best Practices Guide Overview This guide includes: An overview of authorization and transaction processing An overview of retrievals and chargebacks Reason code guidelines for all. The goal is to reduce ‘friendly’ fraud chargebacks, helping sellers protect more of their hard-earned revenue. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. Here are the two possible scenarios: 1. Mastercard: n/a This chargeback is caused by Authorization. Unauthorized returns (R05, R07, R10, R29, R51): 0. eCommerce. Common Point of Purchase: Data stolen from a merchant’s system is used to make fraudulent transactions. 65% with at least 75 total disputes. . The shorthand description is “Incorrect Charge Amount. They can also be caused by a merchant failing to process a cancellation promptly. Therefore, the issuer may submit a chargeback for a Payment Transaction using the message reason code 4842 before the 30-calendar day presentment time frame normally required for this message reason code. 2 Compliance CasesIf they think it does, they assign it a reason code and credit the funds back to the cardholder’s account. 4 spec (Section 8. Cause The merchant picks the wrong choice on their processing interface and runs a transaction as a refund. Complaint reason_code values include: not_as_described: The buyer claims that the goods or services received differ from the merchant's description of the goods or services. Chargeback Representment. Reason Code P04 Category Processing Error Claim The cardholder claims the merchant should have processed a regular transaction on their card, but instead, the merchant. Each chargeback reason has its own, individual prevention techniques. See moreAmerican Express chargeback reason code P04 falls under the “Processing Errors” category. Below you will find the reason codes for the dispute events Chargeback, Request for Information (RFI) and Notification of Fraud. And, each code has unique compelling evidence requirements if you choose to fight. Stands. 2=1020 etc. 2 Declined Authorization. 2022 Visa Chargeback. Additionally, Amex uses a fifth "Miscellaneous" category. About American Express chargeback reason codes. For best results, your chargeback win rate should be as close to 100% as possible. Following the prompts that pop up, inform PayPal of every detail, and include the screenshots of the conversations you had with the scammer. Duplicate transaction. 2. Those reasons are explained through the corresponding reason codes. The shorthand description is “No Authorization. Chargeback codes Last updated: August 16, 2023 Below you'll find a list of chargeback codes along with an explanation of what each one means, covering both. 1 – Merchandise/Services Not Received; Mastercard Reason Code 4853 – Goods or Services Not as Described or Defective;. Respond to invalid disputes. The chargeback is ordered by the bank that issued the consumer's payment card. Understanding these codes is essential because they'll guide your response strategy. Cardholders can dispute digital goods transactions of $25 or less (or the equivalent in local currency) if certain purchase controls were not put. Get your complete guide to the new Visa reason codes, including all the detailed information, chargeback time limits, and other important information you need. Documentation must be a direct result of cardholder communication. The specific diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops can differ based on factors such as. 'luhfw fruuhvsrqghqfh wr wkh dssursuldwh hpdlo edvhg xsrq wkh uhdvrq frgh ri wkh lvvxh olvwhg ehorz <rx pd frpelqh lvvxhv iru gliihuhqw uhdvrq frghv lq wkh vdph fruuhvsrqghqfh rqo li wkh hpdlo ghvwlqdwlrq lv wkh vdph <rx pd. Description: Reason Code: Explanation: Incorrect Card Number: American Express P01, P22; Discover IN; Mastercard 4808; Visa 12. Build & Submit a Representment Case in 4 StepsA counterpart program, the Visa Dispute Monitoring Program, may apply to both fraud- and non-fraud-related reason codes. Chargeback stands If you don’t reply in time or with the right documentation, the Chargeback will stand. These are all the known American Express chargeback codes. 00 in chargebacks. ECM monitors first presentment chargebacks regardless of reason code or transaction type. WEX has repurposed chargeback reason code 10 to indicate EMV chargebacks. Chargeback /Dispute; Merchant Response. If you get a chargeback,. The shorthand description is “No Authorization. Not only that, but a higher win rate may incentivize banks to conduct greater due diligence before filing a chargeback in the future. Visa - 13. ” This code indicates the merchant waited too long to finish processing a transaction, and the account was no longer in good standing when the transaction was completed. 4853 – Cardholder Dispute – Digital Goods Purchase of $25 or Less. Visa’s process introduces four dispute categories and associated numerical labels (Fraud – 10, Authorization – 11, Processing Errors – 12, Consumer Disputes – 13) under which the renamed reason codes will be placed. Information provided with the. Updated the following columns - card type, response due date. Friendly fraud. Reason Code. Reason Code; Ref Number ; Auth Code; For a brief overview of chargeback reason codes, refer to the table below. American Express chargeback reason code C31 falls under the “Card Member Disputes” category. Write customer-friendly policies. This definitive guide includes the chargeback rationale codes from each of to four major card networks. You can check on the status of your dispute by following these steps: Login to your Chime mobile app. Supporting Documents You could potentially reverse a Chargeback by providing the. American Express Chargeback Codes (2023) American Express functions as a card network and an issuing bank. Chargeback Reason Codes by Network - 2023 Guide. There are many reasons why a chargeback occurs, with over 100 reason codes listed across the major credit card brands. Specify the default reason code to. txt) or read online for free. 4808 – Authorization-Related Chargeback – Multiple Authorization Requests. Chargebacks. MasterCard - 4855 Goods or Services Not Provided. Merchant processed transaction below floor limit without authorization. 00 EUR as a Withdrawal fee. Understand the reason for the chargeback. chargeback_settlement: The gross shows negative if the chargeback was resolved in the buyer's favor, and the funds return to the buyer. When a customer decides to dispute a charge made to their debit or credit card, it is referred to as a chargeback. A chargeback is a return of money to a payer of a transaction, especially a credit card transaction. chargeback_settlement: The gross shows negative if the chargeback was resolved in the buyer's favor, and the funds return to the buyer. The network hasn't wholly disallowed some old codes. May 2011: 5. That’s 50% more time than what the major card networks allow. Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 70: Chip Liability Shift. Visa ® has launched the CE 3. Every time a merchant processes a transaction, they are supposed to send an. American Express Chargeback Reason Codes have four main categories, those are Fraud, Authorization, Processing Error, Card Member Disputes and Miscellaneous. Visa Claims Resolution is a Visa-specific platform that seeks to declutter and streamline the consumer dispute and chargeback resolution process. Chargeback Reason Codes by Network - 2023 Guide. Despite concerns about increased friction, every merchant should deploy 3-D Secure at checkout. 0: Changed report name from Downloadable Dispute Report to Case Report. Merchants. 11. 1 falls under the “Processing Errors” category. High Level Visa Chargeback Dispute Flow. 7 • A transaction has been processed against a card number that is invalid because it does not exist, has not been assigned to an active cardholder account, or is otherwise incorrect. The nature of the threat makes it a moving target. As a merchant, you face the brunt of chargeback losses. Invalid Authorisation (ISO 4521) / Charge amount exceeds Authorisation amount (A01). The main chargeback reasons look like this: Malicious fraud. Amex. However, they don’t address the reason why that chargeback was issued in the first place. Paymentology will submit the chargeback using the appropriate chargeback reason code. A reason code will be provided. If your reply addresses the . Tap “>” beside the charge to see an accurate timeline view of the disputed transaction. Depending on the reason code, supporting documentation may include: Copies of the order confirmation, invoice, or receipt; Proof of. Chargeback . Chargeback Reason Code. Dispute Category. Despite being the smallest of the four major credit card companies, the list of Discover chargeback reason codes is extensive. While the format of chargeback reason codes varies. Visa Code # MasterCard Code # Reason. So the company has more incentive to side with customer during cardholder. In short: yes. Which is meant to know the reason for the dispute. txt) or read online for free. 10. Visa chargeback reason code 75 is filed as an honest mistake. In 2021, 43 percent of companies identified customer service delays as a top reason for their increase in chargebacks. Additionally, one clearing transaction. P04 – Charge Processed as Credit; Discover. There are many reasons why a chargeback occurs, with over 100 reason codes listed across the major credit card brands. Chargeback Reason Codes / American Express / P04 – Charge Processed as Credit / Reason Code. NACHA Return Status Codes. If you’re not, there’s a good chance you’re about to see a high volume of chargebacks with “fraud” reason codes come pouring in. It is associated with a chargeback reason code, and it is specific per Card Scheme. There are multiple situations in which this can occur. 10201. The chargeback initially results in the debit or credit card charge being reversed and the funds that you received for the payment being returned to the customer. in time or with the requested documentation, the Chargeback will stand. The cardholder may be the customer or the someone who lent their card to a friend or relative. This involves the cardholder’s bank serving as a mediator, rather than eBay. Chargeback reason code 4837: No Cardholder Authorization applies in situations where customers claim a card transaction was unauthorized, but do not feel the issue can be resolved through the merchant. Amex. P22 – Non-Matching Card Number. If you believe you have received an ACH return in error, you can contact your bank. 10. Values are: Blank: Use the draft G/L date. FAQ: What remains Chargeback Representment? TIPS. American Express chargeback reason codes are divided into five categories: authorization, cardmember disputes, fraud, processing errors, and miscellaneous. Credit card chargeback reason codes broken down by Mastercard, Discover and American Express Visa chargeback reason codes. Fortunately, chargeback reason codes make it easy for merchants to understand the cause of chargebacks. When a customer who's enrolled with 3-D Secure from their bank initiates a purchase, the tool will deploy during the. ONE reason code is an alphanumeric code selected from a fixed list by the issuing bank to indicate the reason of cardholder gave for requesting a chargeback. This definitive guide includes that chargeback reason colors from each of the four major card networks. While there are reason codes related to processing errors that cause disputes, the majority of reason codes result from a cardholder disputing a charge. This definitive guide comes that chargeback reason codes from jeder of of four majority card networks. The time limits for responding to a chargeback also vary based on the card scheme and the chargeback reason code. Chargeback Reason Codes Reason code are the first key to understanding the root causes . 0 hour of labor. The cardholder does not recognize the Merchant. When a cardholder makes a purchase, but regrets it later, they may file a chargeback to recoup their money. Added the following fields - Store ID, Credit Card Chargeback Reason Code. This reason code is used when a cardholder claims that the merchant charged them for a different amount than what they agreed to pay. What is Visa chargeback reason code 13. Updated August 23, 2023. The usual period that card networks will accept chargeback disputes is up to 120 days from the date of the settlement for the charge. 0: Updated report version from 1. 1. Each chargeback has a chargeback reason code assigned to it, which is a two-digit number that corresponds to the reason the customer is disputing the charge. ”. ”. Code 13. There are 151 chargeback reason codes across the four major card networks. It's essential to respond within the. 1. Blog and Articles; Success Stories;. many chargeback reason codes that exist today. Visa requires processors and banks use to this system for multiple tasks, including challenging initial chargeback results. At their core, false declines. 0 rule changes take effect April 15,. UA10 Request Transaction Receipt (swiped card transactions) UA11 Cardholder claims fraud (swiped transaction, no signature)Get definitive guide includes the chargeback reason codes from all of the to majority card networks. Banks, however, categorize chargebacks or disputes depending on the card used when a chargeback occurs. What is the chargeback representment process? When faced with a chargeback representment, you should take these steps. Let’s say you got a Visa chargeback with reason code 13. Chargebacks were introduced as a form of consumer protection against. Chargeback Reason Code. MASTERCARD Reason Code Description 01 Requested Transaction Data Not Received 02 Requested\Required information illegible or missing 07 Warning Bulletin File 08 Requested\Required authorization not obtained 12 Account number not on file 31 Transaction amount differs 34 Duplicate Processing Know these five rules to avoid payroll blunders triggering fines, penalties and IRS audits. Common reason codes Mastercard. 04/20/13 Visa and MC Retrieval Codes — removed retired codes MC Reason Code 37Amex uses the same four main categories as Visa to organize its reason codes: Authorization, Card Member Disputes (which Visa refers to as Consumer Disputes), Fraud, and Processing Errors. Whenever a chargeback is initiated, a code is passed through from the issuing bank that gives a reason for the dispute. Here are some chargeback reason codes by card type. Complicating things further, friendly fraud doesn’t provide you with any red flags. might reverse the Chargeback. In order to fight a chargeback effectively, however, you'll need to know the reason code. Amex uses the same four main categories as Visa to organize its reason codes: Authorization, Card Member Disputes (which Visa refers to as Consumer Disputes), Fraud, and Processing Errors. Merchants who believe they have received an invalid chargeback under reason code 13. Note that a chargeback is a forced bank reversal that always results in additional fees and penalties for sellers, regardless of the validity of the buyer’s claim. 1. This authoritative guide includes the chargeback reason key from each from the four major card netz. Chargeback Reason Codes The Ultimate Guide; BIN Lookup Find a Card's Issuing Bank; ROI Tool The Cost of Chargebacks; Resource Hubs. There are a variety of issues that can serve as the root causes of a chargeback, ranging from fraud to improper card processing to dissatisfaction with the quality of the goods or services provided. 2. You cannot effectively fight chargebacks until you identify which of these three things is actually responsible. By entering your email, you agree to receive marketing emails from Shopify. This ranges anywhere from roughly 60 to 90 days after purchase. 41 4841 Cancelled Recurring Transaction 53 4853 Not as Described or Defective Merchandise 57 4840 Fraudulent Multiple Transactions 62 4870/4871 Counterfeit Transaction Being familiar with the potential chargeback reason codes gives recurringThere are plenty of reasons as to why this would happen, hence the many. The issuing bank assigns each case a code according to the consumer’s claim, and the merchant must adhere to the time limits for that specific code. In simple terms, an Electronic Commerce Indicator (ECI) is basically a 3-D Secure response code. P04 P05 P07 P08 P22 P23 R03 R13 Select a code to see the details QUICK REFERENCE Time to respond: 20 days from date of chargeback. 4853 – Cardholder Dispute – Credit Not Processed. dispute successfully and on time, we’ll undo the Chargeback. 3 is an updated version of legacy Visa reason code 72, which was phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. Reason . Summary of Changes, 13 December 2018These chargebacks occur to resolve chargeback-related disputes between network members. A “No Authorization” code chargeback can also be the. Merchant processed transaction below floor limit without authorization. P03 – Credit Processed as Charge. 3? Visa chargeback reason code 13. com 14 Goods / Services Damaged or Defective. The Mastercard chargeback reason codes were condensed down in 2016, like the process that Visa just underwent with Visa Claims Resolution. Try Shopify free for 3 days, no credit card required. A Product Not Delivered chargeback means the customer believes they did not receive the goods or services they purchased. P04 Charge Processed as Credit P05 Incorrect Charge Amount P07 Late Submission P08 Duplicate Charge P22 Non-Matching Card Number P23 Currency Discrepancy Card. Explanation. The reason_code will be one of the following values: chargeback_reimbursement: The gross shows positive if the chargeback was resolved in the seller's favor, and the seller gets a refund. The reason_code will be one of the following values: chargeback_reimbursement: The gross shows positive if the chargeback was resolved in the seller's favor, and the seller gets a refund. 265. Reason. 5158. In simple terms, VCR introduced five definitive changes to the dispute resolution process: The timeframe for merchant response was shortened from 45 days to 30 days. The issuing bank will then pass on the chargeback to the merchant. 1 Quick Reference Lead. 0 initiative to update compelling evidence requirements for dispute reason code 10. By entering your email, you agree to receive marketing emails from Shopify. To win a chargeback dispute as a merchant, you must have evidence that is compelling enough to persuade the cardholder’s bank to reevaluate the case. This reason code is used when a cardholder claims that the merchant charged them for a different amount than what they agreed to pay. Most reason codes apply to any merchant, regardless of what’s being sold. Solutions. For each claim, you must craft your representment to suit the reason code under which the bank filed the chargeback. Card Brand Code Description Days to Dispute. Response The new reason codes follow a format of two digits, a period, then a third digit. . Conditions which may cause a P0604 to be stored may affect engine management in a serious manner. The reason code also presents a timeline to fight the chargeback and what evidence is needed to reverse the chargeback. Chargeback Reason Code 30 - Services Not Provided or Merchandise Not Received The chargeback time limit is calculated based on one of the following: 120 calendar days after the transaction processing date 120 calendar days after the last date the cardholder expected to receive the goods or services (not to exceed 540 days of the transaction. Reason Code North-America: Canada and United States of America; Reason Code: All other countries; Fraud. 196for chargeback reason code 4863 (Cardholder Does Not Recognize). Discover Chargeback Reason Codes Explained. Time limits vary by card network and reason code, though, so you should look into the specific terms tied to the reason code. Description. 1. Once you submit the documentation to Wave, our Disputes Resolution Team will work on the case, and submit the required information to the bank on your behalf. Chargeback reason code 11. . For this reason, you must document all debit and credit card transactions and adhere to the strict rules set by the card networks. EFM MONTHLY CRITERIA NUMBER OF E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS FRAUD CHARGEBACK AMOUNT FRAUD CHARGEBACK RATIO BASIS POINTS (BPS) 3DS UTILIZATION (EMV 3DS + DATA. And according. Please refer to chapter 5 for more information. Chargeback Reason Codes Retrieval Reason Codes 78 Int'l only Service Violation Code Discover 4541 AP 4586 AW 4755 RG 4553 RM 8002 RN2 Altered Amount Non-Receipt of Goods or Services0Cardholder Disputes Quality of Goods or Services MasterCard;45 Days from the central processing date of the transaction120 Days from the central processing date of. When customers dispute charges to their accounts, you can incur chargebacks. You can learn more about each one by visiting the Mastercard Chargeback Guide. ”. 4. most common reason codes for recurring merchants include: 7. Reason Code North-America: Canada and United States of America; Reason Code: All other countries;. You’ll see that all chargebacks ultimately stem from one of three causes: merchant error, criminal fraud, or friendly fraud. prenotification of chargeback, depending on the chargeback reason code, to the agency requesting additional documentation to properly dispute and remedy the chargeback. Tap “View Details. When you receive a chargeback request, respond promptly with any relevant information or evidence that supports your case. If you're contesting a chargeback, you'll need solid evidence. With the implementation of Visa Claims Resolution, reason code 98 eventually became obsolete. There are no format changes to the sales file specification; there are additional values added to the sales file to designate chip card transactions. A chargeback happens when a customer requests for a transaction to be. 2 – EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud 10. There are tricks you might use to circumvent an undesirable authorization message, such as not requesting authorization at all, or making multiple attempts on a declined card. . Based on the information provided, Paymentology will investigate the transaction being disputed. 2. 1 Merchandise/ Services Not Received. 9808 info@chargebacks911. Reason codes vary by card brand. Typically, cardholders file a chargeback if they were not informed of dynamic currency conversion fees or were not given the option to complete the sale in their local currency. Chargeback Reason Codes List for Mastercard Chargeback Code Chargeback Reason 4801 Requested Transaction Data Not Received 4802 Requested / Required Information Illegible or Missing 4807 Warning Bulletin File 4808 Requested / Required Authorisation Not Obtained 4812 Account Number Not on File 4831 Transaction Amount Differs 4834 Duplicate. Find every single American Express Chargeback Reason Code, as well as information to help you prevent and win American Express dispute cases. A well-structured rebuttal letter should address the chargeback reason code, clearly explaining why the cardholder's dispute is not legitimate and why the funds should be returned to you. American Express chargeback. Updated August 23, 2023. And according to The True Cost of Fraud report by LexisNexis, businesses end up paying $3. P04: Charge Processed as Credit: P05: Incorrect Charge. 5 billion lost in 2020. If you're contesting a chargeback, you'll need solid evidence. In some cases, errors can be resolved and reversed, but there is no equivalent to chargeback representment when it comes to ACH. A chargeback happens when a customer requests for a transaction to be reversed. Knowing these codes is vital for merchants to understand the reason for chargebacks and how to manage them. Once filed, the merchant generally has 20 days to respond. The EFTA was first enacted in 1978. All ACH return reason codes consist of the letter “R” followed by two. They only bill customers during a dispute if there is compelling evidence to show the cardholder’s account is in the wrong. Chargeback time limits vary widely depending on the issuing bank, and the chargeback code or reason. These disputes are commonly referred to as friendly fraud. Learn the details, the cause, how to respond and how to prevent American Express Reason Code P04 Charge Processed as Credit . A reason code or a chargeback reason code is a string of symbols (numbers and letters). American Express . Supporting Documents You could potentially reverse a Chargeback by providing the necessary supporting that the transaction was either approved online by the issuer or offline by the chip. Despite concerns about increased friction, every merchant should deploy 3-D Secure at checkout.